Porcelan kroz istoriju (antikviteti)!

Porcelan ili porculan (talijanski) je najfinija vrsta keramike dobivena pečenjem na visokoj temperaturi (od 1250 do 1350 °C) mješavine kaolina, kvarca i vapnenca. Na ovaj način nastaje staklasta polu-prozirna keramika koja je mnogo čvršća no što izgleda i ne prenosi električnu energiju, te može poslužiti i kao izolator.
Prema temperaturi na kojoj se peče postoji meki (Meisen), tvrdi (iz istočne Azije) i koštani porculan (s dodatkom koštanog pepela) koji se proizvodi pretežito u Engleskoj.

Proizvodnja porculana razvila se u Kini za dinastije T'ang (618.-906.), ali pravi porculan se javlja za dinastije Sung. U Europi je poznat od 11. stoljeća preko Puta svile.
Prvi europski pokušaji proizvodnje porculana javljaju se u 16. stoljeću u Firenci (tzv. Medici porculan). God. 1709. ljekarnik (i alkemičar) Johann Friedrich Böttger iz Dresdena usavršio je način proizvodnje porculana, a 1710. osnovana je prva manufaktura u Meissenu.[2]
Ukrasni predmeti od porculana, osobito sitna plastika, u modi su od rokokoa[3]. Značajne manufakture porculana bile su u Beču, Nymphenbergu (kraj Münchena), Sèvresu (kraj Pariza), Worchesteru, Deciji (kod Firence) i Capodimenteu (kod Napulja). U ovim manufakturama se na kvalitetniji porculan ispod cakline utiskuje ili ispisuje oznaka proizvođača (pečat, slovo i simbol), signatura umjetnika, katkada i godina izrade, oznaka kalupa i sl.
Od 20. stoljeća se od porculana izrađuju predmeti za elektrotehniku i kemijske laboratorije.

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Longquan celadons produced in Longquan, Zhejiang, China. It was made in the 13th century during Song Dynasty of China and is currently exhibited at Musée Guimet, Paris

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ROYAL VIENNA COVERED VASE

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PAIR 19TH C. ROYAL VIENNA PORTRAIT VASES

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Woodland Harvest by The Victorian English Pottery, Est 1819

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A pair of gilt-bronze-mounted Chinese celadon vases aux tritons, the mounts attributed to Pierre Gouthière (1732-1813)the mounts Louis XVI, circa 1770, the porcelain Qianlong (1736-1795)

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Napoleon 1769-1821 •
Pair of mounted vases, ca. 1740–50 Chinese porcelain with French mounts Hard-paste porcelain with gilt-bronze mounts

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Napoleon 1769-1821 •
Pair of mounted vases, ca. 1750 Chinese porcelain with French mounts Hard-paste porcelain with gilt-bronze mounts

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A PAIR OF GILT-BRONZE-MOUNTED SÈVRES SOFT-PASTE PORCELAIN `VASES MEDICI', ALMOST CERTAINLY SUPPLIED BY THE MARCHAND-MERCIER DOMINIQUE DAGUERRE, THE MOUNTS ATTRIBUTED TO PIERRE-PHILIPPE THOMIRE (1751-1843) LOUIS XVI, CIRCA 1788-1790

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A pair of gilt-bronze-mounted vases, circa 1860, handles with dragons, branches of peaches, pomegranates and peonies on a turquoise ground, Sotheby’s.

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A Royal Gilt-Bronze-Mounted Sèvres Fond Violet Porcelain Vase Ovoïde, the bronzes attributed to Jean-Claude Chambellan Duplessis, Louis XVI, c.1768.

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Pair of Mounted Lidded Vases, Chinese and French, about 1700-10

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A PAIR OF FRENCH GILT AND PATINATED BRONZES URNS - Louis XVI Style

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A PAIR OF CHINESE EXPORT PORCELAIN FAMILLE-ROSE BALUSTER VASES AND COVERS QING DYNASTY, CIRCA 1750

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Pair of vases mounted as ewers c.1782-7 Sèvres Acquired by George IV when Prince of Wales

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A MAGNIFICENT PAIR OF FAMILLE ROSE CHINESE PORCELAIN VASES

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Chinese Rose Medallion Vases, circa 1870

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A PAIR OF BLUE AND WHITE 'SOLDIER' VASES QING DYNASTY, KANGXI PERIOD

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A Rare Underglaze-Blue Polychrome-Enamelled 'Magpie and Prunus' Moonflask Qianlong Seal Mark and Period - Sotheby's

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Wedgwood antique ‘Jasper ware’ vases with ormolu mounts. swags of vine leaves and grapes hang from the medallions incorporating classical figures in white over a lilac ground. English circa 1880.

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Louis XVI style Sevres blue and white porcelain jardinière , 19th c.

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Louis XVI lyre clock in Sèvres cobalt blue porcelain

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A LOUIS XVI ORMOLU AND MARBLE MANTEL CLOCK , 18th century.

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Pair of Chinese Blue and White Gu Vases, Kangxi Period, a pair of blue and white Gu vases with flowing dragons and floral patterns, double ring mark on base. Height 14 1/2 in., Width 6 1/2 in.

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Pair Gold Sevres Porcelain French Vases